Ecology and Conservation of the Jaguar (Panthera Onca) and the Puma (Puma Concolor) in the Argentine Semi-Arid Chaco: Comparing Two Areas with Different Levels and Types of Human Interference.

Research on jaguars and pumas in the Argentine Chaco is extremely limited, and the information vacuum is an important obstacle to conservation efforts.

We are studying the ecology of both species, including distribution, density, prey availability and sympatric relations between them determining the principal conservation problems facing these species in the region.
We are working within the Chaco Green Corridor of the Impenetrable region: In 2008 we worked in the Aboriginal Reserve were we stayed for near trhee months and where we worked with 30 camera traps stations covering a minimum convex polygon area of 44,903 has.

We also conducted line transect surveys and interviews with local people. In this site human inhabitants are few, but it is vulnerable in terms of access by hunters from ranches and towns and livestock also occasionally enters the reserve, generating conflicts between people and large cats.

In calendar year 2009, we will work at Copo National Park and Reserve. Copo is the only national park within the Semi-arid Chaco region, constitu the best-protected portion of the Argentine Chaco and one of the most promising sites in terms of the survival of the jaguar in the region. One important outcome of the first year of sampling, was the absence of jaguar photographs in the camera traps.

This is indicating that the density of the species at this site is much smaller than we expected. This highlights the urgent need to take action in managing the species in the region much earlier than we expected. The fact that we obtained data on the species, from sightings by the local people as well as tracks that we recorded ourselves, is also an important result because it confirms that the species is still in the region despite the low density.

The lack of jaguar photographs in Aboriginal Reserve was not an unexpected result for this area and perhaps is not a result not expected for Copo, because we know that the species is in serious trouble in the region. But, precisely, the importance of this second survey in Copo and in others areas of the region is based in the need of determine how serious the situation is, in which sites of the Chaco Green Corridor is still the species and hopefully, what is its density in the best-preserved sites.
To read about Veronica's previous projects http://www.ruffordsmallgrants.org/rsg/projects/ver%C3%B3nica_andrea_quiroga or for further information contact veroquiroga@gmail.com
Project Update: August 2009

Recently I participed in the International Mammalogical Congress 2009, here in Argentina, and I presented some results from the project of jaguars and pumas in the Argentine Chaco that Rufford has financed in 2008.

Project Update: April 2010.

In the first 6 months of 2009 we started sampling at the second study site of the project, Copo National Park, located in the Impenetrable of the semi-arid Argentine Chaco. Copo is the Impenetrable’s protected area with the greatest degree of formal protection and supposedly has less hunting and human influence. We made two trips to the study area, a preliminary study of 10 days in July 2009 and the large study of almost 3 months from September to November 2009.
In July 2009, we identified and walked the trails we would use during sampling, visited some of the local people to resume the contacts initiated in previous years, and recorded some preliminary data of signs and sightings of the wildlife of the national park. During the September to November study we installed 24 camera–trap stations in Copo National Park and neighbouring ranch properties.

The stations were 3 to 4 km apart, covering a minimum convex polygon area of 361 km2. Throughout the campaign there were 1096 potential trap-nights but the 24 stations overall were active for only 34 days, totaling 816 trap-nights. We covered over 2,200 km on foot and by car within the study area, recording tracks and sightings of jaguar, puma and other mammals and potential prey of both cats. We conducted informal interviews on jaguar, puma and their prey with seven national and provincial rangers, one teacher and 10 rural residents who are neighbours of the National Park.

We did not record data of jaguars with either camera traps or line transect surveys but we recorded a good number of photos, tracks and sightings of puma Puma concolor, as well as other species of high conservation value for the area such as giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus), white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri) and giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). We are currently organizing the 2009 field data and beginning the data analysis to determine densities and intensities of use of the environment by the different species studied. In the next few months, we will comparing these new data with those obtained in 2008 from the Aboriginal Reserve.
Citations:
http://www.earthsendangered.com/profile-678.html
http://www.defenders.org/wildlife_and_habitat/wildlife/jaguar.php#
www.wotcat.com/Mammal/ Jaguar/Panthera/onca.html
www.exzooberance.com/.../ jaguar/jaguar.htm

The Ischigualasto Formation contains Late Triassic (Carnian) deposits (231.4 -225.9 million years before the present), with some of the oldest known dinosaur remains, which are the world's first with regards to quality, number and importance.

It is the only place in the world where nearly all of the Triassic is represented in an undisturbed sequence of rock deposits. This allows for the study of the transition between dinosaurs and ancient mammals; research is ongoing.
Badlands of the Valle de la Luna

The arid badlands around the formation are known as Valle de la Luna ("Valley of the Moon") due to their rugged, otherworldly appearance. In the Carnian this area was a volcanically active floodplain dominated by rivers and had a strongly seasonal rainfall.

Petrified tree trunks of Protojuniperoxylon ischigualastianus more than 40 m (131 ft) tall attest to a rich vegetation at that time. Fossil ferns and horsetails have also been found.

Rhynchosaurs and cynodonts are by far the predominant findings among the tetrapod fossils in the park. Dinosaurs comprise only 6% of the findings, but these include early samples of the two major lineages of dinosaurs (ornithischians and saurischians).

The carnivorous archosaur Herrerasaurus is the most numerous of these dinosaur fossils. Another important putative dinosaur with primitive characteristics is Eoraptor lunensis, found in Ischigualasto in the early 1990s.

Parque Luro is a provincial reserve Pampas, declared a protected area without productive use and Natural Heritage, Historic and Cultural, 30 May 1996 and in 1997 on 25 July, respectively.

With the Provincial Decree No. 762/78 is delimited 7600 acres, 1600 were designated as the Secretariat for Turimo, for use as a tourist attraction and recreation, while 6000 has for conservation, scientific and research, were appointed to the Directorate of Natural Resources; two separate belonging to the Government of La Pampa , Argentina .

This park has attractions both historic, and natural. In the historical part, this appeal received on importance primcipio twentieth century took place there, the first hunting ground of the country where he was known as St.

Hubert and where they met personalities who addressed the issue of provincial status for this territory as well as the reserve has museums Castle National Historic Monument (the most prominent attraction), the St. Hubert which houses a single garage in the province and the museum's Hamlet. It also contains historical buildings such as the Tambo Model Tank of the million, etre others.

Moreover, the natural attractions are very important decicsiva in tourism in the province, by the uniqueness of the three landscapes found in the park, the forest (or forest) of caldén , the lagoon and the medanal, for the exotic wildlife in the reserve, such as red deer , the boar and 160 species of birds, both migratory and resident.